tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58933958333017092322024-02-21T06:13:05.202+07:00Indonesia AnimalIndonesia Animal, Indonesian Animal, animals, animals sex, animal shelter support, jungle animalroimailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11932248328018732524noreply@blogger.comBlogger47125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-91998387502559304952008-08-29T12:57:00.002+07:002008-08-29T13:00:42.558+07:00Sumatran Tiger<strong>Sumatran Tiger</strong><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Panthera_tigris_sumatran_subspecies.jpg/200px-Panthera_tigris_sumatran_subspecies.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Panthera_tigris_sumatran_subspecies.jpg/200px-Panthera_tigris_sumatran_subspecies.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br /><br />The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a subspecies of tiger found on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The wild population is estimated at between 400 and 500 animals, occurring predominantly in the island's national parks. Recent genetic testing has revealed the presence of unique genetic markers, which isolate Sumatran tigers from all mainland subspecies.<br /><br /><strong>Characteristics</strong><br />The Sumatran tiger is the smallest of all still existing tiger subspecies. Male Sumatran tigers average 234 cm (7 feet, 8 inches) in length from head to tail and weigh about 136 kg (300 pounds). Females average 198 cm (6 feet, 6 inches) in length and weigh about 91 kg (200 pounds). Its stripes are narrower than other subspecies of tigers' stripes, and it has a more bearded and maned appearance, especially the males. Its small size makes it easier to move through the jungle. It has webbing between its toes that, when spread, makes Sumatran tigers very fast swimmers. It has been known to drive hoofed prey into the water, especially if the prey animal is a slow swimmer.<br /><br />Sumatran Tigers commonly prey on larger ungulates, like wild boar, tapir and deer, and sometimes also smaller animals, like fowl, and fish. Orangutans could be prey, but since they spend a minimal amount of time on the ground, tigers rarely catch one.<br /><br />WikipediaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-43141300597276024932008-07-01T15:26:00.002+07:002008-07-01T15:47:47.866+07:00AfrosoricidaThe order Afrosoricida (a Latin-Greek compound name which means "looking like African shrews") contains the golden moles of southern Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar and Africa, two families of small mammals that are traditionally considered to be a part of the order Insectivora.<br /><br />Some biologists use Tenrecomorpha as the name for the tenrec-golden mole clade, but prevailing evidence suggests Afrosoricida is more appropriate and Tenrecomorpha is used here as the name of the tenrec suborder.<br /><br />Traditionally, these two families were grouped with the hedgehogs, shrews and moles in the Lipotyphla. However, there have always been minority opinions suggesting that Tenrecomorpha, or at least the golden moles, are not true lipotyphlans. These opinions are now supported by many genetic studies suggesting an association between Tenrecomorpha and various other African mammals in a proposed superorder known as Afrotheria; however there is no strong morphological evidence to link the Afrosoricida together with other Afrotherians. The Afrosoricida are sometimes considered part of the Afroinsectiphilia, a clade within the Afrotheria.<br /><br /><a href="http://s257.photobucket.com/albums/hh224/rarzi/?action=view¤t=Tanrek.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://i257.photobucket.com/albums/hh224/rarzi/Tanrek.jpg" border="0" alt="Photobucket"></a><br /><br />Kingdom : Animalia<br />Phylum : Chordata<br />Class : Mammalia<br />Infraclass : Eutheria<br />Superorder : Afrotheria<br />Order : AfrosoricidaStanhope, 1998Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-13008682547581296492007-12-19T17:46:00.000+07:002007-12-19T17:48:16.965+07:00Cockle<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieNArlAWKGD8rqqy0p7Lzo_YBuaHdWTpGzKsGAXmKRFoUlJgyHU3zmSc2w4YuIhtAib2D6Y7SNlmVFQlp-XyvnOkEJGi5V9aYBLIBUnX3brZC-Zem19UBxYvmqLU7FjbHWA69bl5L_wi2s/s1600-h/kerang.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieNArlAWKGD8rqqy0p7Lzo_YBuaHdWTpGzKsGAXmKRFoUlJgyHU3zmSc2w4YuIhtAib2D6Y7SNlmVFQlp-XyvnOkEJGi5V9aYBLIBUnX3brZC-Zem19UBxYvmqLU7FjbHWA69bl5L_wi2s/s400/kerang.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145633984827463042" /></a><br />Cockle is the common name for bivalve mollusks of the family Cardiidae. Shells of various species of cockles are commonly found on many beaches throughout the world. The distinctive rounded shells of cockles are symmetrical, heart-shaped when viewed from the end, and in most but not all genera there are numerous pronounced ribs.<br /><br />The mantle has three apertures (inhalant, exhalant, and pedal) for siphoning water and for the foot to protrude. Cockles typically burrow using the foot, and feed by siphoning water in and out, sifting plankton from it. They are also capable of 'jumping' by bending and straightening the foot. Unlike most bivalves, cockles are hermaphroditic and reproduce quickly.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-19185027849104982892007-12-12T13:24:00.000+07:002007-12-12T13:25:35.376+07:00Rabbits<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLHAWlA3ZNr7xeAXyCxVSX1c2Wp8IanhAvsJRal96Ky7yeHWMUvgILcATJFo5u-CFRp8Cg_cuJZ5sbSZ9JEtCHjIAAuYmNVHiYTVc2Z5diLCDXl3byPpER2beN1Q8QuZOI_KOC1oqv5Jw-/s1600-h/kelinci.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5142968743423021218" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLHAWlA3ZNr7xeAXyCxVSX1c2Wp8IanhAvsJRal96Ky7yeHWMUvgILcATJFo5u-CFRp8Cg_cuJZ5sbSZ9JEtCHjIAAuYmNVHiYTVc2Z5diLCDXl3byPpER2beN1Q8QuZOI_KOC1oqv5Jw-/s400/kelinci.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div>Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world. There are seven different genera in the family classified as rabbits, including the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), cottontail rabbit (genus Sylvilagus; 13 species), and the Amami rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi, endangered species on Amami Ōshima, Japan). There are many other species of rabbit, and these, along with cottontails, pikas, and hares, make up the order Lagomorpha. Rabbits generally live between four and twenty years. </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-52714648636982074822007-12-05T11:52:00.000+07:002007-12-05T11:55:03.445+07:00The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis)<div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggLS9lSqLYWHmrBX7hk5JCXq-vNuSER4e2VA_Dpj_qx4SK3JZZ0Gnc56X-Rj2Qmg-wIqEt2PC7gCscOdj3shML88eqiT52sF0U4m_gS_qxLLIuArAkPizxXoWvuca6nruyVAX81dB55kXj/s1600-h/komodo.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5140347671308597346" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="148" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggLS9lSqLYWHmrBX7hk5JCXq-vNuSER4e2VA_Dpj_qx4SK3JZZ0Gnc56X-Rj2Qmg-wIqEt2PC7gCscOdj3shML88eqiT52sF0U4m_gS_qxLLIuArAkPizxXoWvuca6nruyVAX81dB55kXj/s400/komodo.jpg" width="122" border="0" /></a>Picture from lablink.or.id </div><br /><br />The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), also known as the Komodo Monitor, Komodo Island Monitor,Ora (to the natives of Komodo), or simply Komodo, is a species of lizard which inhabits the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, and Gili Dasami in central Indonesia. A member of the monitor lizard family Varanidae, and the clade Toxicofera, the Komodo is the largest living species of lizard, growing to an average length of 2-3 metres (approximately 6.5-10 feet). This great length is attributed to island gigantism, as there are no carnivorous mammals to fill the niche in the islands that they live on, and the Komodo dragon's low metabolic rate. As a result of their great size, these lizards are apex predators, dominating the ecosystems in which they live. Komodo dragons were only discovered by Western scientists in 1910. Their large size and fearsome reputation makes them popular zoo exhibits. In the wild their range has contracted due to human activities and they are listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. They are protected under Indonesian law and a national park, Komodo National Park, was founded in order to protect them.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />wikipediaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-31911389342532211072007-12-04T17:57:00.000+07:002007-12-04T17:59:02.033+07:00The Sumatran tiger (Panthera Tigris Sumatrae)Wild Sumatran tigers have survived within the isolated and somewhat continuous political environment of the Island of Sumatra. This has afforded researchers, such as The Sumatran Tiger Project team, an opportunity to study these animals’ genetic status in their natural habitat over an extended period of time. As a result, important first-hand field data has been generated which is relevant to all the surviving tiger subspecies.<br /><br />Tigers eat mostly sambar, chital, Red deer, Swamp deer, Rusa deer, and Wild pigs. Occasionally, however, they will kill a rhino or elephant calf. About one in ten or twenty attempts to catch prey is successful. Unlike the cheetah, the large tiger cannot outrun most of its prey. Instead, it relies on the element of surprise by hiding in the tall grass and ambushing it prey.<br /><br />The Sumatran tiger represents a uniquely hopeful opportunity for the survival of an individual subspecies of tiger in the wild. Specifically, the animal is isolated geographically to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. This is important for many reasons. First, the animal has been genetically isolated. This offers felid biologists the opportunity to study the effects of such genetic isolation on a particular subspecies, unlike other surviving subspecies, which until the beginning of the last century, could roam among and between the realms of neighboring subspecies.<br /><br />Unlike the cheetah and lion, the tiger does not live in open areas. They rely on ambushing their prey, which requires something to hide them. As a result, they prefer to live in moderate to dense cover.<br /><br />Sumatran tigers are especially well represented in zoos around the world, most of which participate in sophisticated global conservation breeding programs. More than 270 Sumatran tigers are now documented in formal studbooks and are involved in captive breeding programs aimed at preserving their genetic uniqueness. This captive population is occasionally supplemented by wild Sumatran tigers, which are captured when they come into conflict with their surrounding human populations, or are rescued from situations that preclude them from living in the wild. Thanks to the presence of a one-of-a-kind research facility at Taman Safari on the island of Java, these tigers and their extremely rare genes can be preserved instead of being exterminated like most other problem tigers. Through an important scientific, community and political collaboration, these tigers have been spared so that their precious genes may bolster breeding programs for the Sumatran subspecies.<br /><br />After a gestation period of about 103 days, the mother tiger gives birth to 2-4 cubs. The cubs weight about 2.2 pounds each, are totally blind, and completely helpless. The mother raises them alone, since the male tiger does not stay with any one of his several mates. The mother hunts and periodically returns to her den to feed her cubs. Later, the cubs will join her on the hunt and will learn the art from their mother.<br /><br />The Sumatran tiger represents a uniquely hopeful opportunity for the survival of an individual subspecies of tiger in the wild. Specifically, the animal is isolated geographically to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. This is important for many reasons. First, the animal has been genetically isolated. This offers felid biologists the opportunity to study the effects of such genetic isolation on a particular subspecies, unlike other surviving subspecies, which until the beginning of the last century, could roam among and between the realms of neighboring subspecies.<br /><br />Wild Sumatran tigers have survived within the isolated and somewhat continuous political environment of the Island of Sumatra. This has afforded researchers, such as The Sumatran Tiger Project team, an opportunity to study these animals’ genetic status in their natural habitat over an extended period of time. As a result, important first-hand field data has been generated which is relevant to all the surviving tiger subspecies.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-30188117935110846062007-10-18T13:21:00.002+07:002007-10-18T13:22:31.694+07:00Long-Beaked Echidna (Zaglossus Bruijni)Long-Beaked Echidna (Zaglossus Bruijni)<br /><br />The echidnas and the duck-billed platypus differ from all other mammals in that they lay shell-covered eggs that are incubated and hatched outside of the body of the mother. A female long-beaked echidna usually lays 1 egg into its pouch. The eggs of the long-beaked echidna are soft-shelled and hatch after 10 days, whereupon the young remain in a pouch, dependent on the mother's milk for about 6 months.<br />The long-beaked echidna lives only in New Guinea. Listed in appendix II of CITES, Z. bruijnii is categorized as vulnerable by IUCN. Hunting with trained dogs by the New Guinean people as well as loss of natural forest habitat due to farming are the primary causes for the species' endangerment. Data tabulated in 1982 indicated that only 1.6 Zaglossus existed per square kilometer of suitable habitat. If the data were accurate, about 300,000 long-nosed echidnas were in existence then, and the number has dropped since that time.<br />The long-beaked echidna has declined greatly in numbers where it interacts with man, and it is found only where human population densities are low. The major reason for its decline appears to have been traditional hunting - it is a highly prized game animal. Current threats include hunting with specially trained dogs and loss of forest habitat to logging, mining and farming.<br />Long-nosed echidnas primarily inhabitat mountain forests, although some live on highly elevated alpine meadows. The species does not live along the coastal plains.<br />The long-beaked echidna weighs 6 - 16 kg (average 9 kg) (13 - 35 lb (average 20 lb)). It has spines of varying length interspersed with fur on its back, sides and tail. The snout is tubular with a very small mouth, through which the long tongue can be rapidly extruded and retracted. Its lack of teeth is compensated for by rows of "spikes" (horny teeth-like projections on the tongue). It is found in humid montane forests on New Guinea and is mainly nocturnal, feeding on earthworms and other invertebrates on the forest floor. It shelters in hollow logs, cavities under roots or rocks, and burrows. Termites and other insect larvae are also eaten, they may eat ants. They are remarkably long-lived, sometimes living for 30 years in captivity.The long-beaked echidna is found in New Guinea [ (Irian Jaya) and Papua New Guinea ], where it is widespread. However, it appears to be extinct in large areas of the Central Highlands, and it is absent from the trans-Fly plains and from most of northern New Guinea at altitudes below 1200m elevation, as well as all of the North Coast Range.<br />The front of the long-beaked echidna's tongue is equipped with "spikes" located in a groove. The echidna probes with its long beak until the end of a worm is found. The tongue is then extruded and the worm hooked by these spikes. The worm and tongue are then withdrawn and the worm swallowed by muscular action of the tongue.<br /><br />The spines on its body can be erected and its arms and legs withdrawn, as a hedgehog does.<br />The long-beaked echidna is insectivorous. Its diet consists almost exclusively of earthworms. Ants, termites and other worms are also eaten.<br />The long-beaked echidna is primarily nocturnal. It forages on the forest floor and is a powerful digger. In southern Chimbu, local people say that the long-beaked echidna digs short, shallow burrows with no nesting material inside.<br />Interesting Fact: Long-beaked echidnas are very inquisitive creatures and somewhat unafraid. They sometimes make a soft, snorting sound. "The echidnas possess some remarkable features. Perhaps most striking is their extraordinarily large and complex brains and relatively high intelligence, characteristics entirely unexpected in the world's most reptile-like mammals." (Flannery 1995)<br />As monotremes, the long-nosed echidnas possess one body cavity for the external openings of their urinary, digestive, and reproductive organs. The species has a very short tail relative to its average body length of 450-775 mm. The core body is covered in course brown or black hair that often hides the spines covering the back. Zaglossus has a pronounced downcurved snout, which accounts for two-thirds of the length of its head. Lack of teeth in the species is compensated by rows of spikes/horny teeth-like projections on the enormous tongues of the animals. Long-nosed echidnas generally have clawed feet, the front ones important in digging for food. Within the species there is variation in the number of clawed digits on each foot. Many have claws only on the middle three of the five digits present; others have claws on each digit. The males of the species can be distinguished from the females by the presence of a spur on the inner surface of each hind leg near the foot.<br />Little is known about reproduction in the long-beaked echidna, although they are believed to be similar in reproductive pattern to their sister species, the short-nosed echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Frequency of breeding, courtship rituals, and possible male parental care are unknown for both echidna species. It is thought that the breeding season for the long-nosed echidna is around July. As with reproductive aspects of the biology of long-nosed echidnas, their behavior and social systems are largely unknown. They are believed to be solitary.<br />The diet of the long-beaked echidna consists almost exclusively of earthworms. When earthworms are eaten, they are positioned by the echidna to go front first into the snout. The powerful tongue of the long-nosed echidna protrudes a small distance and wraps around the front of the worm. While the worm is pulled into the mouth, the echidna's tongue holds the worm in place with its spikes.<br />The long-nosed echidna is reported to have sweat glands spread over its entire body surface.<br />Pleistocene fossils of Zaglossus have been found throughout Australia and Tasmania. No other member of the genus currently occurs outside of New Guinea. It is thought that the disappearance of long-nosed echidnas in Australia was due to climate changes that led to decreased presence of earthworms.<br />In the past, taxonomists recognized up to four species of Zaglossus. At present all long-nosed echidnas are considered to be one species, Z. bruijnii (Augee, 1993; Walker, 1991).<br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-9257120407337398902007-10-18T13:21:00.001+07:002007-10-18T13:21:44.599+07:00Sperm Whale (Physeter Catodon)Sperm Whale (Physeter Catodon) <br /><br />This large whale weighs an average of 40 tonnes, and can reach weights of 50 tonnes. Large males can grow to 20 metres in length, and females only 12 metres. The females weigh on average one third of what the male whale weighs.<br />They have a large box type head, which makes it easily distinguishable and sets the sperm whale aside from other whales.<br />These whales can swim to extreme depths, going down as far as 3 kms. Given their size, they feed on very large sea creatures also. Amongst their favourite is the giant squid, which can range over 9 metres from top to tentacles. They also feed on seals, rays and even sharks up to a few metres long. The whales have no limit to how deep they can swim.<br /><br /><br />These whales can reach speeds of 30 km/h under the water if threatened, but generally attain a 10 km/h speed when moving through waters.<br />Did you know? The tooth of a sperm whale can grow to 23 cms long and weigh 3 kilograms!<br />The sperm whale is not as vocal as other whales, however it can still emite a variety of sounds from chirps or squeaks to groans and clicks. When the sperm whale interacts with another whale, they will sound a series of clicks anywhere between a few and fourty. This is known as the whale coda.<br />In the past sperm whales were hunted aggresively. Sperm whales were also feared by whalers with small-boats, as they had the ability to capsize such boats. In recent times whaler boats became more sophisticated and this was no longer a problem. These great creatures were unfortunately hunted for spermaceti. A substance located in the head of the sperm whale. It was used for a variety of lubricating purposes. It was found in automatic transmission fluid, burning oil for lamps, and other such purposes.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />indonesiafaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-86837427395435813822007-10-18T13:20:00.002+07:002007-10-18T13:21:10.554+07:00Sei Whale (Balaenoptera Borealis)Sei Whale (Balaenoptera Borealis)<br /><br />The Sei Whale.<br />The Sei Whale is found in waters all over the world, although it avoids tropical or polar regions. They are found in the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean.<br /><br />They range in size from around 12 to 15 metres. The largest specimen ever reported was 20 metres in length. They weigh an average of 23 tonnes but weights of 27 tonnes have been reported. They are dark gray to black in colour. They have a sleek streamlined body, and a single ridge along the top of their head. Their underbelly is a lighter colour, and has been known to have a pinkish tinge. Randomly scattered patches of white on the whale are usually parasitic scars from copepods or other such sea creatures.<br />They feed on around 900 kilograms of small fish (and other aquatic creatures) per day. They do this by swimming through schools of fish, skimming the fish as they swim. They feed near the surface of the water, and when feeding they swim on their side. They are unable to sustain dives of more than 5 to 10 minutes at a time and cannot reach great depths as other whales can, however they make up for this with their speed and agility.<br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-34619545559554976412007-10-18T13:20:00.001+07:002007-10-18T13:20:44.751+07:00Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae)Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae)<br /><br />This large whale weighs an average of 30 tonnes, ranging in length from 12 to 16 metres. The female Humpback Whale is normally one or two metres longer than the male Humpback Whale. They have two blowholes. They range in colour from almost white through to gray and black. The word "Megaptera" translates to "huge wings" referring to the large flippers the whale possesses.<br />If a Humpback is spotted along the coast, it turns immediately into a great tourist attraction. Locals and visitors stop to see the amazing whale leap out of the water in gigantic somersaults, before crashing back through the sea. Other times they are known to roll on the surface of the water. When out of the water, they flap their flippers. An amazing sight to witness.<br /><br /><br />Humpbacks are found all over the world, however there are only about 2,500 remaining thus making this an endangered species world wide. Even with their huge size they still have predators. Killer Whales are known to attack Humpbacks, and unfortunately, so too are humans. These amazing creatures have been hunted to near extinction.<br />Did you know? A large humpback whale can weigh up to 60 tonnes!<br />The Humpback Whale has a bulky head with protuberances, which makes it easily identifiable. They usually travel in groups, travelling at around 10 km/h through the water. They have been reported to reach speeds of just over 25 km/h when threatened.<br />Humpbacks are known to be the most vocal of all whales, emitting long complex sounds. They also have the largest frequency range out of any other known whales, reaching 20 to 9,000 Hz.<br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-90708508363594099802007-10-18T13:19:00.002+07:002007-10-18T13:20:18.541+07:00White-Handed Gibbon (Hylobates Lar)White-Handed Gibbon (Hylobates Lar)<br /><br />The White-Handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar) is an endangered, tree-living primate. Because of hunting and clearing of the rainforests where they make their home, these animals are in danger of extinction. It is estimated that a mere 10% of their natural habitat remains, and most of this falls in protected sanctuaries. The young are often captured and sold as pets.<br />White-Handed Gibbons are found in the tropical rainforests of Indonesia, southern China, Burma, Malaysia, and Thailand. They are most often found in the treetops, swinging from branch to branch. They don’t build nests for sleeping like other apes, but, instead, they sleep sitting upright on a tree branch. Usually they have “sleeping trees” that are used every night by each group of gibbons and not used by any other groups. They are able to walk upright, using their long arms for balance, but they don’t use that form of transportation often and prefer to travel through the trees. They avoid crossing water as they don’t know how to swim. Gibbons travel in family groups which usually consist of a mated pair and their offspring. They are very territorial, sometimes holding areas of 30-100 acres.White-Handed Gibbons have very thick, soft fur that ranges in color from black to a reddish-tan. They have essentially hairless black faces which are ringed in white, and, true to their name, the upper parts of their hands are white with an opposable thumb. They have very long arms which are well suited for tree swinging. An adult gibbon can reach a height of 25 inches (63 cm) and a weight of 14 pounds (6 kg). They are tail-less and have coarse pads of skin on their rears that help protect and give comfort when they are sitting or sleeping on tree branches.<br />Primarily herbivorous, White-Handed Gibbons most often eat fruit and leaves, and they appear to be most fond of figs. However, they will eat insects, bird eggs, and the occasional bird, which they snatch out of the air as they swing by. They forage during the day, often stopping at more than 16 different trees to find food and will rest during the heat of the day.<br />Interesting Fact: White-Handed Gibbons often get their needed water by licking the moisture off of their fur after a rainstorm or by rubbing it on wet foliage. White-Handed Gibbons reach sexual maturity at six to eight years of age, when they leave the family groups to find their own mates. Female gibbons give birth to young every three to four years, and one baby is born at a time. The pregnancies last approximately 210 days, and the young gibbons are born nearly hairless, except for a small tuft of hair on the top of their heads. The young gibbons cling to their mothers night and day until they begin to swing through the trees at six months of age. They will stay close to their families, only leaving when they are of breeding age and are kicked out of the group by a parent. Communication in White-Handed Gibbons is extensive, relying mostly on lengthy calls that are very musical. They use these to communicate within the family groups and to protect their territories against other family groups. They use different tones to their voices to announce their presence, give details about who is in their family, the sex of the members, and whether or not there is a youngster about to leave the group. They also have a specific warning call that they use if there is danger.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-57995371636662184922007-10-18T13:19:00.001+07:002007-10-18T13:19:48.671+07:00Fin Whale (Balaenoptera Physalus)Fin Whale (Balaenoptera Physalus)<br /><br /><br />The Fin Whale is found in oceans all over the world, from the tropics to the polar areas. They are known as a pelagic species, often occuring in shallow waters close to the shore. Even though they are found in oceans across the world, they are not as common in tropical waters or ice laden seas.<br />They are around 19 to 20 metres in length, and can weigh as much as an estimated 70 tonnes. Fin Whales found in the southern hemisphere have been reported up to 26 metres in length. They have a white underbelly, and are a brown-grey colour on top. They are migratory whales, and have been observed in groups of up to 300 whales. They normally however travel in a pod with 6 or 7 other whales. They have a narrow flat V-shaped head and two blowholes.<br />They are known by a number of other names such as the Finn, the Finner, the Finback, the Common Rorqual or the Herring Whale. The Fin Whale is currently (2003) listed as an endangered species.<br />Did you know? The Fin Whale is one of the fastest whales with the ability to swim and sustain a 37 km/h speed through the water.<br />From this feat, it is often referred to as "the greyhound of the deep". The Fin Whale also has the ability to leap completely out of the water. On the other extreme, they can reach depths of over 250 metres.<br />They have been known to consume one to one and a half tonne of food per day. They feed on a variety of aquatic species including squid, herring and capelin.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-13860920667357955102007-10-18T13:18:00.000+07:002007-10-18T13:19:10.968+07:00Blue Whale (Balaenoptera Musculus)Blue Whale (Balaenoptera Musculus)<br /><br />The Blue Whale<br />The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is the largest mammal found on the planet, perhaps the largest mammal that has ever lived, thought to be even larger than even the largest of the dinosaurs. It belongs to a family of animals known as the rorquals and is termed a baleen whale. Unfortunately, it is currently listed as endangered and was hunted nearly to extinction by the 1960s when hunting was finally banned. The current population of the blue whale is only estimated to be about 12,000 total.<br />The blue whale is a grayish-blue in color with lighter gray spots across its skin. It has a tiny pointed dorsal fin, located low on its back. The average length is about 75-80 feet (22-24 meters), but the female, the larger of the species, can grow in excess of 80 feet and can weigh over 100 tons.<br />Blue whales are found all over the world. They migrate to warmer climates in the winter, in tropical and subtropical locations, and frequent colder locations, like the poles, in spring and summer. They usually travel in very small groups, often traveling alone, and can swim very quickly, sometimes reaching speeds of up to 30 miles per hour.<br />Blue whales eat by filtering food from the water through plates called baleen in their mouths that take the place of normal teeth. They have large pleated grooves on their underbellies that expand, allowing the mouth to take in huge amounts of water, which is pushed through the baleen, leaving the food behind. Their diet consists mostly of plankton and krill, which are small invertebrates that resemble shrimp. The blue whales can eat over 4 tons of these tiny creatures per day during their summer feeding season.<br />Female blue whales give birth to their young about once every two to three years after a year-long gestation. The baby whale, or calf, is nursed by the mother for the first six to eight months of life and then is weaned but will often stay with the mother for at least a year. The whales reach sexual maturity at around 10 years of age and usually live for 35-40 years, although some records indicate that they may live as long as 80 years.<br />Blue whales were once termed “sulfur bottom” by the earliest whalers because of micro-organisms and algae that grow on their underbellies, giving a yellowish appearance. They communicate with each other verbally, using small moans, clicks, and buzzes, but they are also considered the loudest animal on earth, able to emit a noise over 150 decibels, which can be heard for hundreds of miles underwater.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-16784877073744613362007-10-18T13:17:00.001+07:002007-10-18T13:17:35.697+07:00Sumatran Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes Winstoni)Sumatran Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes Winstoni)<br /><br />The Sumatran Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes winstoni) is listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), partially due to their isolated location and partially due to clearing of the forests where they make their homes. The Sumatran Flying Squirrel lives in what is known as the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot, which is home to 82 threatened and 13 critically endangered species. Unfortunately, little is known about this species in particular as not a lot of research has been done in their natural habitats.<br />The Sumatran Flying Squirrel is only found on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, discovered in 1949 and only known by a single specimen. Flying squirrels usually live in hollows of trees, sometimes taking nests of other animals, and they are most often found in dense, forested areas. They are also nocturnal animals, spending the days holed up in their nests and coming out at night on a hunt for food. Unfortunately, there is no current estimate of how many of these animals are currently living in the wild. Flying squirrels don’t “fly” in the traditional sense, rather they have membranes that run along their sides, attached to the wrists and ankles. They typically use these membranes to glide from upper branches of trees to the lower branches, although some have been seen to flap these membranes, often with an almost frenzied motion. It is not certain whether this actually gives any benefit, however. The Sumatran Flying Squirrel is classified as an Arrow-Tailed Flying Squirrel. Some larger flying squirrels have been recorded gliding extreme lengths, up to 1500 feet (450 meters). Reported glides for an arrow-tailed squirrel, however, have been recorded at up to 443 feet (135 meters).<br />In general, flying squirrels vary in size, ranging from 4-10 inches (110-330 mm) in length. They have a relatively long, flattened tail that can measure anywhere from 3-11 inches (80-292 mm) curves up at the tip, and helps them in controlling the glide. Unlike other kinds of flying squirrels, the Arrow-Tailed flying squirrels don’t have a membrane that attaches to the tail. They are covered with soft, thick fur that ranges in color from grayish-brown to black.<br />Flying squirrels are omnivorous, eating fruits, nuts, leaves, insects and, sometimes, small snakes. One species of flying squirrel is very fond of spiders, crickets, and locusts, and a squirrel in captivity caught, killed, and consumed a small snake that was placed in its cage. Unfortunately, little is known about the Sumatran Flying Squirrel’s preferred diet. Arrow-tailed flying squirrels don’t seem to have a specific breeding season, but there does appear to be a triggering event as the females in a particular area tend to be pregnant at the same time. The gestational period is estimated to be about 40 days, and each litter can be between one and four young, but two is the average number of young born at one time. Because of the limited field research on this small animal, there is no reproductive information available that is specific to the species.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-36972050277660770812007-10-18T13:16:00.002+07:002007-10-18T13:17:02.341+07:00Sun Bear (Helarctos Malayanus)Sun Bear (Helarctos Malayanus)<br /><br />The Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus) is the smallest bear in the world, but it is also considered by many to be the fiercest. It is currently listed as endangered, mostly due to hunting. In many countries, bile from the gallbladders of Sun Bears is praised for its medicinal qualities, and their paws are used for soup. In some countries, Sun Bears are kept as pets.<br />Sun bears are only found in southeast Asia. They are extremely good climbers, often found in the treetops. Because of this, Sun Bears are known as “basindo nan tenggil” in Malay, which translates to “he who likes to sit high.” There is evidence to suggest that the bears spend a great deal of time in the treetops, even sleeping up high in the trees. They are nocturnal, resting and enjoying the sunlight during the day, and do not hibernate as other bears do and are active all year. As not much study has been done on these bears, no one is certain how many actually still exist in the wild.The Sun Bear’s small size, with the males only growing to reach about 145 pounds (65 kg) and the females only reaching 60 pounds (30 kg), makes them very distinctive. They have dark brown to black fur, which is very thick, and their skin is actually loose, which allows them to turn and bite when attacked and held by a predator. The bear’s muzzle is very short and is lighter than the rest of the fur, sometimes ranging to a light orange color. Their most distinctive feature is the crescent-shaped patch of fur on the chest that ranges from white to golden yellow. They have very long claws, which help them to climb trees. At sometimes up to 6 inches (15 cm), these claws are also used to defend against the bear’s natural predators.<br />Did You Know: The Sun Bear is named for the patch of fur on their chests which was once thought to resemble a rising or setting sun?<br />Sun Bears are complete omnivores. They have very long tongues that allow them to get to hard to reach honey and insects. They have been known to eat termites, birds, small animals, honey, and fruit, and, as their habitats decline and food become scarce, it is not unusual for a wild Sun Bear to raid commercial crops, such as oil palms. Due to their decreased numbers and lack of information, not much is known about their breeding and reproductive patterns, unfortunately. It seems that they reach full sexual maturity at about three years in the female and four years in the male. There are many differing reports as to the gestational period for the Sun Bear. Nothing is known about their reproductive habits in the wild, but, in captivity, most Sun Bears give birth after a length of only 95-96 days. There doesn’t appear to be a peak mating season, as these bears seem to give birth throughout the year. They usually bear litters of two or three cubs, and these cubs are nursed until about 18 months of age, but they tend to stick with their mothers until they are fully mature and ready to mate.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-34493963739898131802007-10-18T13:16:00.001+07:002007-10-18T13:16:31.908+07:00Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Sondaicus)Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Sondaicus)<br />The Java Rhinoceros<br />Rhinoceros sondaicus (Javan rhinoceros) is known to reside in only two Southeast Asian locales: Ujung Kulon National Park in Java, Indonesia, and Cat Tien National Park in Vietnam. Approximately 50 to 60 Javan rhinoceroses are living in Ujung Kulon; while a small group consisting of only 7 to 15 individuals are thought to be living in Cat Tien.<br />Rhinoceros sondaicus resides in dense, low-lying tropical rainforests. They prefer areas with abundant water and mud wallows. Although most members of the species are found in these lowland areas, they have been observed at more than 1000 feet above sea level.<br />An average adult Javan rhinoceros is approximately 11 to 12 feet in length, with a height of 5 to 6 feet to the top of its shoulders. There is little sexual dimorphism. They are known for having poor eyesight, but they have keen senses of smell and hearing -- despite having smaller ears than other rhinoceroses. The skin is a hazy grey and contains tough folds that create an armor-like plating. Its one horn is made up of keratin (as are human fingernails), and may grow to a length of 10 inches. Females may lack a horn. Each foot ends in three hooved toes. Their teeth are lophodont, and the Javan rhinoceros also has an unique prehensile lip that functions as an aid for feasting on leaves.<br />The female Javan rhinoceros reaches sexual maturity at three to four years of age, while males reach maturity after six years. The gestation period is sixteen months, and the interval between births is four to five years. One rhinoceros is born at a time. A young rhino will be active shortly after birth, and will be suckled by its mother for one to two years. Thirty-five to forty years is the average lifespan of Javan rhinoceroses.<br />The Javan rhinoceros is fairly solitary, except for mating pairs and mothers with their young. The range for the rhinoceros extends between 3 to 20 square miles, with various groups having ranges that overlap one another. There is no set mating season.<br /><br />Rhinoceros sondaicus feeds for the most part by browsing. In addition to this, the Javan rhinoceros is known to graze upon leaves, young shoots, twigs and fruit.<br />Many people in the Javan rhinoceros' homelands, especially Vietnam, would like to see the land upon which the rhino lives cleared for agricultural purposes. As long as governments protect these lands, agriculture can not occur here.<br />Interesting fact:<br />Eastern Asian medicine views rhino horns as an important, if not essential part, of medicine. Sixty percent of Eastern Asian doctors stock rhino horn, with Asian horns being perferred over their African counterparts. In this part of the world, one kilogram of rhino horn sells for approximately $60,000. The tribal people of Vietnam are also known to poach the rhinoceros for meat.<br />The Javan rhinoceros is one of the most endangered species of the rhinoceros family (along with the Sumatran rhinoceros), and one of the rarest large mammals in the world. Following the Vietnam war, Rhinocerous sondaicus was thought to be extinct in Vietnam. Agent Orange, land mines, and general warfare decimated the rhinocerous population. Only recently was the Javan rhinocerous spotted in the area. With such a small population however, the prospects for survival are not good. Although the land on which they live is currently protected, there is pressure to use the land for agricultural purposes. In addition, it is not known how many of the 7 to 15 rhinos are females. If there are only 1 or 2 females, their death could mean the end of the species in Vietnam. Also, with so few animals, the likelihood of inbreeding is great. Inbreeding is known to increase the likelihood of birth defect or disease. Those Javan rhinoceroses residing in Indonesia are fortunate to have a slightly larger population. However, should an environmental catastrophe (such as a forest fire) or disease affect the population, dire consequences could result.<br />Rhinoceros sondaicus is also referred to as the lesser one-horned rhinoceros.<br />There are currently no Javan rhinoceroses in captivity.<br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-21528203643395684022007-10-18T13:15:00.002+07:002007-10-18T13:16:07.652+07:00Sumatran Rabbit (Nesolagus Netscheri)Sumatran Rabbit (Nesolagus Netscheri)<br />The Sumatran Rabbit<br />The Sumatran Rabbit (Nesolagus netscheri) is listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and was thought to be extinct until it was accidentally photographed in the late 1990s. Even now it is considered the world’s rarest rabbit and is sorely endangered of becoming completely extinct as the population is so low. There aren’t any current estimations as to how many of them are living in the wild.<br />Interesting Fact: The Sumatran Rabbit is so rare and well hidden that the local people don’t even have a name for it in their own language and don’t even realize that it exists. The Sumatran Rabbit is extremely isolated, making its home only in the Barisan Mountains on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Since they are so isolated and have not been studied in the wild, there is scarce information on their behavior and habitat. It is known, however, that they are nocturnal, spending the day in burrows dug and deserted by other animals. There is no evidence that they dig their own. They also make their homes in holes in the ground and under the base roots of trees. They live in what is known as the Sundaland Biodiversity Hotspot, which is home to at least 13 other critically endangered species. Other rabbits of the same family as the Sumatran Rabbit use scent for identification and to mark territory and are able to emit high, piercing shrieks when they are injured or in danger. They also warn other rabbits of danger by hitting the ground quickly with their hind legs.<br />The Sumatran Rabbit is interesting in that it has striped fur, thought to have been an evolutionary development to help the rabbit hide in the rainforest floor. The rabbit is generally gray with thick, soft fur, striped with a chestnut brown color. These stripes pattern the rabbit’s face and body, and there is one stripe that travels all the way from the shoulders to the tail. Sumatran rabbits have white underbellies and red tails. They measure approximately 13-15 inches (340-400 mm) long with a 0.5 inch (15 mm) tail. They only weigh about 3 pounds (1.5 kg). They are also known to have shorter ears than other rabbits.<br />The Sumatran Rabbit doesn’t venture out into clearings or out of the forest when looking for food. Instead, it stays protected under the trees of the rainforest, making its meals on the plants that grow there, eating both the stalks and the leaves. Since there hasn’t been any significant field research on these rabbits, nothing really is known about their method of reproduction. Other rabbits in the same family, however, usually reach sexual maturity at around 8 months of age. After a gestational period of 10 days, they give birth to litters of baby rabbits, or kittens. These litters can number up to six kittens at a time. Rabbits usually build nests that are lined with their own fur for the kittens when they are born, and they are blind and helpless at birth, usually not even opening their eyes for 7-10 days. Typical rabbits are able to live to be about nine years old. Unfortunately, it is not known whether the Sumatran Rabbit has these typical breeding characteristics or not.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-80226588582138302622007-10-18T13:15:00.001+07:002007-10-18T13:15:29.841+07:00Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis Larvatus)Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis Larvatus)<br /><br /><br />Proboscis monkeys are confined to the island of Borneo; Indonesia and Malaysia. They prefer coastal regions to inland areas.<br />Proboscis monkeys inhabit mangrove forest along rivers and estuaries, swamp-land, and lowland rainforest<br />Proboscis monkeys are sexually dimorphic. The males have a length of 70 cm and weight of between 16 and 22 kg. Females measure 60 cm and weigh between 7 and 12 kg. Males have a large protruding nose, which enhances vocalizations through resonance. The nose of the female is smaller.<br />The fur of the adult proboscis monkey is pink and brown with red around the head and shoulders. The arms, legs, and tail are gray. Males have a black scrotum and a red penis. Infants are born with a blue colored face that at 2.5 months darkens to gray. By 8.5 months of age, the face has become cream colored as in the adults.<br />Proboscis monkeys have webbing between the digits to allow for swimming.<br />The basic social unit in proboscis monkeys is a single adult male with a harem of from 2 to 7 adult females. The males mate with females in their social group. Proboscis monkeys give birth to a single offspring after a gestation of 166 days. Births usually occur at night. The female sits on a tree branch during the birth. After the infant is born, the mother consumes the placenta.<br />The breeding season is from February until November. Copulation is initiated by the female through pursing of the lips, shaking of the head from side to side, and presentation of the hindquarters to the male. Females will continue to initiate copulations even after they have conceived.<br />Infants stay close to their mothers for about one year. Males reach maturity at about 7 years. As is the case for most primates, newborn proboscis monkeys are fairly helpless. They must be carried by their mother until they are able to walk on their own. Mothers provide their offspring with milk, nursing them until they are about 7 months old. They also keep their infants clean through grooming. Infants stay close to their mothers for about one year.<br />The lifespan in captivity is known as at least 23 years.<br />Proboscis monkeys are diurnal, preferring to be active from late afternoon until dark. They are primarily arboreal although they are never more than 600 m from a river. When moving through the trees, they are quadrupedal. These monkeys are good swimmers and will leap out of the trees into the water. They are capable of swimming 20 m underwater. They may cross rivers by swimming if alone or they may cross by jumping from a tree on one bank to one on the other side at narrow points if in a group.<br />There are two types of groups within the proboscis monkey society: unimale and all-male. These groups number 3-32 individuals. Several of the groups will come together in the evening to sleep. These multigroup gatherings are called bands. Proboscis monkeys sleep 0-15 m from the river's edge. They do not sleep in the same place on consecutive nights. The same groups associate regularly and there is little aggression between males in unimale groups.<br />Interesting fact:<br />The proboscis monkey has several sounds for communication. Growls are made by males and are used to calm the group members. Honks are made by males as a threat or to warn of predators. Shrieks are made by females and both sexes of juveniles to show aggitation or excitement, and screams are given during agonistic encounters. Social grooming is performed, usually between females. The grooming usually last 1 to 5 minutes and is performed by both individuals.<br />Proboscis monkeys are folivores and frugivores. They prefer fruits, seeds, young leaves, and shoots of mangrove. They may also eat some invertebrates such as caterpillars and larvae. They are more frugivorous from January through May and more folivorous from June through December.<br />Leopards are known to prey upon them, as are crocodiles. Adult males sometimes vocalize, apparently to scare off potential predators.<br />Proboscis monkeys are protected from hunting and capture in Borneo but the destruction of the mangrove forest has limited the population. They are listed as Appendix I by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). They are listed as endangered by the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (IUCN).<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-22875339476532821142007-10-18T13:14:00.003+07:002007-10-18T13:14:59.724+07:00Cendrawasih/Raggiana Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea Raggiana)Cendrawasih/Raggiana Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea Raggiana)<br /><br /><br />Cendrawasih is the Indonesian word for the bird of paradise. The Raggiana bird of paradise (Paradisaea raggiana) is the national bird of New Guinea, and its figure graces everything from money to stamps to taxi cabs. Because they have such rare and beautiful plumage, birds of paradise have been hunted for centuries, and their feathers have been used for decoration and their supposed mystical properties. They are currently listed as endangered and trapping and export are illegal, but all species of the bird of paradise are still being traded illegally on the black market.<br />Interesting Fact: After trading plumes of birds of paradise with early European explorers, local tribes told them that the birds were the birds of the gods and never touched earth, feeding only on dew. This story accentuated the value of the birds for over 100 years, and the feathers were in such high demand that it almost killed off the species. The cendrawasih is only found on the island of New Guinea. There are at least 37 other species of the bird of paradise that also make their homes on this island. The males are known to gather in a specific tree together in the morning and will engage in mutual display, where they fluff out their extensive colorful feathers to try and attract a female. They live in the tops of trees and in the underbrush, making nests in tree branches and holes.<br />Cendrawasih, or Birds of Paradise, are considered by many to be the most beautiful birds on the planet. The females are a relatively drab, dull brown, which helps them take cover when they are nesting and raising the young. They average about 13 inches in length (33 cm), about the size and build of a crow. The males are covered with different sizes and shapes of feathers in every conceivable color, and they often have patches of skin without feathers that are wild, shocking colors as well. The Raggiana has very long, orange, trailing tail feathers. His head and the nape of his neck are yellow, and he has a green chin.<br />Cendrawasih are primarily fruit eaters, but they will also eat berries, leaves, and small animals, such as lizards and frogs. Their flight is slow and ponderous, contrary to their graceful appearance, and they stay in the same area all year, not following any sort of migratory pattern. Courtship is the main purpose of the cendrawasih’s gaudy appearance. The females outnumber the males, so the males must compete with each other to win favor of a female when she is ready to mate. The Raggiana especially is known for his overly energetic courtship dance. There are, however, some bird of paradise species that mate for life, and the males have drab brown feathers like the females and will help raise the young and tend the nest. Of the species that are polygamous, however, the female takes care of all nesting and raising duties, usually laying two eggs at a time.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-40492584539194137542007-10-18T13:14:00.001+07:002007-10-18T13:14:21.793+07:00Short-Clawed Otter (Aonyx Cinerea)Short-Clawed Otter (Aonyx Cinerea)<br /><br /><br />The Short-Clawed Otter (Aonyx cinerea), also known as the Oriental Small Claw Otter, is currently listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This small mammal is the smallest of the otters, but, unfortunately, they remain somewhat of a mystery because of lack of research and study.<br />The Short-Clawed Otter is found most often in shallow water at the mouths of rivers, near the coast, or in marshy swamps. They are found in southern India and China, Indonesia, New Guinea, and the Philippines. They make their homes on riverbanks and will move in to an abandoned den if possible, or they will dig their own. They tend to travel in groups, sometimes up to 12 otters, that usually consist of a mated pair and their offspring. As its name suggests, the Short-Clawed Otter has claws that are much smaller than other otters’. Also unlike other otters, their paws are almost like hands, very slightly webbed, and they are capable and dexterous when using them. They are very sensitive, much like our own, and they can use them to dig food out of the sand, dirt, or out from under rocks. These otters are very small, only growing to about 2 feet (65 cm) long, which includes the 8 inch (20 cm) tail. At full maturity, the Short-Clawed Otter weighs only 6-12 pounds (2-6 kg). Their fur is a dark brown color, which verges to a lighter tan on their undersides, and they sometimes have whiter spots on their faces, chests, and throats. Their fur is very water-resistant on top with a layer of softer fur underneath that keeps the otter from getting chilled in cold water. Interesting Fact: Short-Clawed Otters can close their nostrils and ears to keep water from getting in when they are swimming.<br />Short-Clawed Otters’ teeth are built for hard-shelled animals, and the main part of their diet includes crabs, mollusks, and snails. The teeth are wide and flat and are used for crushing the shell so that the otter can get to the meat inside. They are also known to eat frogs and smaller fish, but, unlike other otters, they don’t snag their food out of the water with their mouths but instead use their “hands” to grab it and can find hidden food in the mud and rocks.<br />Short-Clawed Otters reach sexual maturity when they are about two or three years old. Most of these otters will keep the same mate for life, and they keep their offspring with them, with both of the parents caring for them. The female of the species is the dominant partner, and the male will hunt for and bring her food as she nurses the young. The gestational period in these otters is about 60-64 days, and they can have litters of as many as six pups at a time, although the average appears to be only one or two. They will often mate twice a year. When the pups are born, they are blind and need constant care. They don’t even learn to swim until they are nine weeks old, and they will nurse constantly until they are 10 or 11 weeks old, at which time they will start to eat solid food. The maximum life span for a Short-Clawed Otter in the wild is 10 years.Short-Clawed Otters are very swift little animals, swimming extremely fast. They are also known to communicate with different vocal sounds - there is recorded evidence of at least 12 different vocalizations that they use with one another.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-61937776793900394882007-10-18T13:13:00.003+07:002007-10-18T13:13:53.011+07:00Orangutan (Pongo Pygmaeus)Orangutan (Pongo Pygmaeus)<br /><br />The Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) is the only one of the great apes that makes its home on the continent of Asia. In the Malay language, ‘orangutan’ literally translates to “man of the jungle.” Currently listed as endangered, orangutans are in danger from forest clearing and especially poaching, even though it is currently illegal to own, kill, or export one. There are estimated to be only about 30,000 currently living in the wild.<br />Orangutans are only found on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia. Unlike other apes, they are solitary creatures, and males and females usually only associate when mating. Females will occasionally travel in groups, usually consisting of sisters or mother and daughter and various offspring. They are found most often in the trees and will only touch ground when absolutely necessary. They sleep in the trees in nests made of leaves and branches. When they do travel by ground, they walk on all fours, but this is very difficult as their feet are more like hands without a heel bone. Like humans, Orangutans have hands with opposable thumbs, and their feet also have an opposable toe. They are relatively large with the males weighing in at 170 pounds (77 kg) and reaching a length of 37 inches (95 cm). The females are smaller, usually weighing about 81 pounds (37 kg) and reaching a length of 31 pounds (78 cm). They are covered in long reddish-brown hair, except for their faces, which are black and hairless. The males develop puffy cheek pads that are attractive to the females, and they also have pouches under their throats that they use to amplify their voices.<br />Interesting Fact: Orangutans are very sophisticated creatures and have been known to use handfuls of leaves as napkins, wrapping them around their hands to protect them when they handle sharp or spiny objects, and use them as umbrellas to shade from the sun or protect from the weather.<br />Fruit is the main part of an Orangutan’s diet. They appear to know where all the fruit trees are in the areas where they live, even knowing when they will bear fruit. They have also been known to eat leaves, bark, insects, and even small mammals and birds. They appear to store fat for the monsoon season when the rains wipe away a lot of the food supply. Female orangutans reach sexual maturity at about 13-16 years old, but the males usually aren’t fully mature until they are at least 20 and their cheek pads have fully developed. They will, however, attempt to mate before that time, sometimes using force if necessary. Females will only have babies every seven to nine years, seeking out a male when she is ready. Gestation lasts eight to nine months, with usually a single baby being born after that time. The young are raised by the females, and they will nurse for up to four years, being carried by their mothers the entire time. They will stay close for at least eight years, sometimes up to 15 years. The average life span for an orangutan in the wild is 30-40 years.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-7554077342526350312007-10-18T13:13:00.001+07:002007-10-18T13:13:26.075+07:00The Sulawesi Macaque (Macaca Nigra)The Sulawesi Macaque (Macaca Nigra), <br />also known as the crested black macaque or the Celebes ape, is currently listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to hunting and the clearing of their native habitat, sometimes even taken when very young as pets by the local population.<br />The Sulawesi Macaque is found in Indonesia on the Sulawesi island, Bacan island, and on the shores of the Philippeans. They are mainly found in the trees in tropical rainforest areas, although they will often venture to the coastal areas on a hunt for food. These macaques live in family groups, usually led by a dominant female. In these groups, there are usually about three times as many females as males, and the females are permanent members of the groups, while the males will often switch from group to group. They are very social and will often spend much of the day grooming one another. Males are competitive, fighting with each other for dominance in the group. It is estimated that there are approximately 144,000 living in the rainforests of Sulawesi. Interesting Fact: The children of dominant females in the group are given preference and standing in each family group. Sulawesi Macaques are covered with black hair that mixes with white on their shoulders and arms. Their most distinguishing feature is a short ruff of coarse hair on the top of the head that sticks straight up. They have relatively flat faces, very narrow, with a very prominent brow ridge and cheekbones. Adult male macaques can reach a weight of about 19-22 pounds (9-10 kg) and the females about 15 pounds (7 kg). They reach an average length of about 22 inches (56 cm) and have a very short tail with a pink rear end. They have very large canine teeth and cheek pouches that go all the way down the sides of the neck.<br />Sulawesi Macaques are omnivores and eat mostly fruits, eggs, insects, and flowers. When searching for food, they will often not stop to eat but instead will fill their cheek pouches first and then stop once they are full and eat. Unfortunately, they often have to raid farms to find food, and this often gets them killed.<br />Females reach sexual maturity between three and five years of age, and the males are sexually mature at about four to five years old. When the female Sulawesi Macaque is ready to mate, her rear end will swell up and turn a brighter pink or red. Gestation lasts about 162-186 days, and the babies are born one for each pregnancy. Their eyes are closed at birth, but they open in only about two hours. The babies are nursed for at least a year after birth, clinging to their mother’s chests. Male macaques are interested in the babies while they are still very young but lose interest, while the females will care for the offspring for their entire lives. They usually live about 18 years. Sulawesi Macaques have many ways of communicating. They will often call to one another, show their teeth, and smack their lips together. They are also able to move their ruffs of hair to show emotion and to communicate. They have been known to greet each other by sniffing each other’s rear ends and embracing.<br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-55092510647074411152007-10-18T13:12:00.001+07:002007-10-18T13:12:50.461+07:00Grizzled Leaf Monkey (Presbytis Comata)Grizzled Leaf Monkey (Presbytis Comata)<br /><br />The Grizzled Leaf Monkey (Presbytis comata) is currently listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It is estimated that there are less than 1000 of these animals living in the wild, and, due to clearing of rainforests in Indonesia, only 4% of their natural habitat remains. It is estimated that the population of the Grizzled Leaf Monkey has decreased at least by 50% in the last 10 years.<br />Grizzled Leaf Monkeys are found only on the island of Java in Indonesia. Java is part of the Sundaland Biodiversity hotspot that contains some 82 threatened species and 13 critically endangered species. They have been seen all throughout the tropical rainforest, in both high and low areas. They are active during the day and live in the trees, rarely touching the ground. They seem to travel in groups of 3-12 monkeys each, averaging 6-7. Sometimes the groups are centered around a mated pair, but not always. There have been reports of all male groups as well. These groups tend to be very territorial, defending their areas against other groups, but there does appear to be pretty extensive overlapping edges between territories. The small areas that they occupy are relatively crowded, with sometimes up to 91 individuals per square mile or 35 per square kilometer. The average weight for a Grizzled Leaf Monkey is 13-18 pounds (6-8 kg). They are small and slender with small faces, tails, and long fur that ranges in color from dark gray to white on the underbelly. The fur on the top of their heads is darker, verging on black, and it is a longer fringe of hair. They also have large, rounded stomachs.<br />The Grizzled Leaf Monkey has an interesting adaptation to deal with the food that it eats. Since leaves are usually not very nutritious and are actually often toxic, most animals that live in the jungles of Indonesia supplement their diets with fruits, flowers, and the more nutritious parts of plants. Leaf Monkeys, however, have large stomachs with several chambers. The first chamber contains specialized bacteria that counteract the toxins in the leaves and break down the leaves so that the monkeys can get nutrition from them. About 70% of their diet consists of leaves, 62% young leaves and 6% mature leaves. They will also eat fungi and tips of branches.<br />Did You Know? The Grizzled Leaf Monkey’s stomach is so large that the contents alone account for 25% of their total weight. There isn’t a lot of information available on mating and reproduction in the Grizzled Leaf Monkey. Other leaf monkeys, however, such as the Francois Monkey, have been studied in more detail, and the females reach sexual maturity at three to four years old and the males at four. They reach their full adult size at about six or seven. Usually only one baby is born at a time after a gestational period of about 200 days. Babies are usually nursed for about two years and don’t have any contact with their mothers after they are weaned.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-49980861102657664912007-10-18T13:11:00.000+07:002007-10-18T13:12:15.782+07:00Malayan Tapir (Tapirus Indicus)Malayan Tapir (Tapirus Indicus)<br />Proboscis Monkey.<br /><br />The Malayan tapir is found in Southeast Asia in the following countries: southern Burma, Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. The Malayan tapir occurs in the Sundaland & Eastern Indonesian Archipelago Mangroves, Sumatran-Nicobar Islands Lowland Forests, and Sumatran Montane Forests.<br />The Malayan tapir weighs about 250 - 300 kg (550 - 660 lb). It utilizes various forested habitats, including swamp, lowland, montane and hill forest and prefers dense primary rainforest. Its diet includes grasses, aquatic plants, leaves, buds, soft twigs and fruits of low-growing shrubs. The Malayan tapir is primarily nocturnal. It travels long distances in search of food, habitually using the same paths. It climbs steep slopes well. Since it likes to bathe and wallow, it is often found around water and forms steps in river banks leading into the water. The Malayan tapir is found in lowland areas in the dry season and moves into mountainous areas with the rainy season. It is usually solitary, except for a female with young.<br />The Malayan tapir has historically been known from Myanmar and Thailand south through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra. It still occurs throughout its historical range. However, it has been depleted throughout this range due to capture for the live animal trade, overhunting, and habitat loss, with remnant populations surviving in isolated habitats.<br />Found in tropical lowland and highland rainforest where there is a permanent supply of water. They tend to shelter in forests and thickets during the daytime, but come out at night to forage on grasslands or near water.<br /><br /><br />Malayan tapirs have a large stocky body with a prominent proboscis. Adults of this species have a dramatic color pattern, with a black front half of body, white sides, and black hind legs. As dramatic as this color pattern seems to our eyes, it camoflages them well in the shady forest, especially in nights when the moon is out. Eyes are oval and not very mobile. The forefeet have four digits, each of which ends in a hoof. The fourth toe does not touch the ground, so footprints show the imprints of three digits. Hind feet have three digits. This species does not have a mane.<br />Mating, which occurs in April and May, is characterized by a heated courtship ritual. When sexually excited, tapirs make wheezing and whistling sounds, and attempt to sniff each other's genital regions, often resulting in their going round in circles. They may bite at one another's ears, feet, and flanks. After a gestation period of at least 390 days, one young is born. At birth, young weigh up to 10 kg, which is the heaviest of any tapir species. The young of this species grows more quickly than those of congenerics. When born, tapirs have a spotted and striped coat rather in contrast to the dramatic black and white pattern seen in the adults. Females have offspring every other year. Sexual maturity is reached at about three years of age, and the lifespan is thought to be about 30 years.<br />Interesting fact:<br />Malaysian tapirs are nocturnal and solitary, with the exception of mother-offspring pairs. When they encounter one another in the wild, tapirs are aggressive. They communicate with whistling sounds and scent-marking urine. Tapirs are shy and crash off into the bush when humans are around, but will bite if cornered. They are also good swimmers, runners, and hill climbers.<br />Tapirs are among the most primitive large mammals in the world. Their closest relatives are the horses and rhinoceroses.<br />The Malayan tapir is a vegetarian non-ruminant. The diet consists of grasses, leaves, aquatic plants, and twigs. Salt is well liked by tapirs, which will go out of their way to find it. Foraging is often done on a repeated foraging route, often with their nose to the ground. Often tapirs forage in a zig-zag fashion. The fleshy proboscis is commonly used as a finger to grab almost out-of-reach leaves and grasses and pull them into the mouth. The stomach is simple, and the intestine has a short cecum.<br />Tapirs have been known to damage food crops.<br />Malayan tapirs are hunted for food and sport in non-Moslem regions of their distribution.<br />Malayan tapirs are classified as endangered by the IUCN and USDI. They are on Appendix 1 of CITES. Habitat destruction and overhunting are the two main factors contributing to their endangered status. Habitat destruction has mainly been a result of agriculture and and increase in cattle grazing.<br />Natural enemies include humans and tigers.<br /><br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893395833301709232.post-78196256281855657672007-10-18T13:10:00.002+07:002007-10-18T13:11:32.268+07:00Celebes Black Macaque (Macaca Nigra)Celebes Black Macaque (Macaca Nigra)<br /><br /><br />The Celebes Black Macaque is endemic to Indonesia and is currently (2003) listed as an endangered species. Their population declines due to hunting, the meat is considered a delicacy. Habitat destruction is another big factor for the decline. The python is a known predator of Celebes Black Macaque.<br />The Black Macaque is a medium sized monkey. They have stocky bodies, and a very short tail. Their rump is a distinct pink colour. They are around 55 cms in length, males weighing around 10 kilograms, and females around 5.5 kilograms. They are also known as the Crested Black Macaque.<br />They feed on a variety of foods. They primarily feed on fruit and other such vegetation, but have been known to also feed on small animals like mice or lizards. They have pouches in their cheeks which they will often store food in and continue foraging.<br />They communicate with each other by grunts, and will often groom each other. Dominant males of the group bare their teeth which is one way they establish dominance. If an animal approaches who is not part of their group, they will sound what is known as a scream call.<br />They inhabit the tropical rainforest island of Sulawesi in Indonesia which was previously known as Celebes (hence the name Celebes Black Macaque).<br />They breed year round, and the dominant male will be the first to breed with the female. The gestation period is around 165 days or five and a half months.<br /><br /><br />indonesianfaunaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0